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Calculus

Limits, derivatives, and integral theory

LIMITS_&_CHAIN

The Derivative (df/dx)

The instantaneous rate of change. Essential for backpropagation and optimization in machine learning algorithms.

f'(x) = lim h→0 [f(x+h) - f(x)] / h

Integration (∫)

The accumulation of values. Finding areas under curves and total probability distributions.

Area = ∫ f(x) dx

OPTIMIZATION

GRADIENT
DESCENT

θ = θ - α ∇J(θ)

Finding the GLOBAL MINIMUM of the cost function.

CALC_MODULES

Power Rule

d/dx (x^n) = nx^(n-1)

Chain Rule

Derivatives of composite functions.

Taylor Series

Function approximation via polynomials.

Partial Derivs

Calculus in multi-variable spaces.